A team of Neuroscientists and engineers at UC Berkeley and UCSF have joined forces to help pioneer a new frontier of brain repair – the development of devices that would allow patients with such conditions as stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury and Lou Gehrig’s disease to control prosthetics through thoughts alone.
Under the newly launched Center for Neural Engineering and Prostheses
(CNEP), the investigators are working to develop neural prostheses that transmit communication signals from the brain directly to robotic arms, legs and computer cursors, circumventing damaged or missing neural circuits in people suffering from disabling conditions.
The devices being developed at CNEP, based at both UC campuses, are made up of an array of electrodes and circuitry designed to encode a person’s thoughts and intentions for movement. The electrodes are implanted in the healthy neural circuits in areas above the spinal cord or brain. They pick up the brain’s signals, decode them in real time and transmit them to the neural prostheses.
“Our approach exploits the power of cortical plasticity and biofeedback, combined with smart machine learning algorithms, to let the brain learn to control the machine,” said CNEP co-director Jose Carmena, UC Berkeley assistant professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, the Program in Cognitive Science, and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute.
“Very few medical options exist to restore function after catastrophic neurology injury,” said CNEP co-director Dr. Edward Chang, UCSF assistant professor of neurological surgery, physiology, and a member of the Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience. “We want to leverage new engineering advances and collaborations to actually rehabilitate lost sensory, motor and cognitive function.”
CNEP will bring together dozens of UCSF and UC Berkeley faculty and students in the fields of neuroscience, neurosurgery and engineering. Building on insights they have made in awake-brain surgery patients and in experimental animal models, the investigators expect to develop some of these devices for testing in clinical trials within the next few years.
In addition to developing devices, the center’s mission is to train future neural engineers and clinicians. A new graduate student track in the UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Bioengineering Graduate Program will feature engineering, neuroscience and clinical medicine.
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