how did hernan cortes impact central america and spain?

4 ANSWERS

1. amomipais82
   

   Hi,
   The four countries discussed in this report, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua,
   share a history as well as contemporary social and economic characteristics. The Spanish
   colonial period, which lasted from the early sixteenth century until 1821, laid certain
   institutional foundations whose legacies are still in place. Two legacies stand out:
   concentration of land in the hands of a small powerful elite and the exploitation of the
   indigenous labour force. The economies of all four countries are dominated by a handful of
   extremely rich families while the overwhelming majority is socially marginalized,
   economically and politically excluded, and suffers the lacerating effects of poverty, racism
   and discrimination. Moreover, the bloody internal conflicts of the 1970s and 1980s produced
   large-scale displacement, economic hardship, and debilitating fear. The recent surge of
   everyday violence rips into the most vulnerable, but society as a whole suffers from the
   instability resulting from the failure to reign in criminal activity.
   The new gang-related violence can be attributed to several factors including decades of
   internal wars and impunity, extensive displacement to urban areas, the absence of social and
   economic programmes to integrate the youth, the migration to the United States, and the over
   all social exclusion of a large proportion of the population. The continuation of death squad
   violence and the expansion of the drug trade is a reflection of the absence of the rule of law
   as well as the continued links between these clandestine organizations and the military and
   other power elites.
   The harsh response to the variety of gang activities in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras
   has proved ineffective. While the problems are real, the government and the press find it
   more expedient to target the gangs and street children for virtually all the rampant violence in
   the society. In response, many citizens support draconian anti-gang laws and self-help “social
   cleansing” practices. In the process, the more powerful clandestine organized crime units tend
   to be overlooked, in part because of the links, influence and control they exercise at various
   institutional levels in the governments. Nicaragua, while the poorest country in Central
   America, has fewer gangs and less violence and its government’s alternative approach to
   rehabilitate and integrate gang members into society has been much more successful.
   Violence against women is an extremely serious problem. These crimes are seldom solved or
   punished, creating further fear and vulnerability among women. Crimes against homosexuals
   are less identified and are also likely under-reported. Politically motivated violence against
   party workers, human rights defenders, and professionals dedicated to investigating and
   bringing to justice those responsible for these crimes, especially in Guatemala, has seen an
   alarming rise. The judicial system and the police have proved largely to be ineffective. The
   serious instability and danger resulting from violence and the failure of national protection
   leads to displacement and migration out of the country, especially to the United States. These
   undocumented migrants live in limbo with the increasing threat of deportation back to the
   country they fled, often in fear for their lives...

   Report (2) (1)  |   12 years, 8 month(s) ago  

2. Guest4029
   

   idk

   Report (0) (4)  |   12 years, 8 month(s) ago  

3. Guest7544
   

   idk

   Report (1) (3)  |   12 years, 8 month(s) ago  

4. Guest5873
   

   i know it now thanzzzzzz!!!!!!!!!!

   Report (0) (2)  |   12 years, 8 month(s) ago