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Aristotle (Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC)[1] was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, andzoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics andmetaphysics.
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1)Danish physicist Neils Bohr's contributions to science:
Developed the Bohr model of the atom.
Developed the correspondence principle, the basic tool of Old quantum theory.
2)English physicist Isaac Newton's contributions to science:
Developed calculus.
Developed theory of universal gravitation.
3)French chemist Louis Pasteur's contributions to science:
Developed pasteurization.
Found cures for chicken cholera, anthrax and rabies.
4)English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday's contributions to science:
Built the first electric motor.
He later built the first generator and transformer.
Also discovered benzene, a common carbon compound.
5)British theoretical physicist Paul Dirac's contributions to science:
Developed his own widely-acclaimed theory of quantum mechanics.
Essentially founded quantum electrodynamics.
Became recognized as the 'discoverer' of antimatter
6)Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann's contributions to Thermodynamics:
He developed The Boltzmann equation.
7) British physicist Joseph J. Thomson's contributions to science:
Discovered the electron
Development of the mathematical theory of electricity and magnetism.
8) Italian physicist Enrico Fermi's contributions to science:
Invented the first nuclear reactor.
Made important discoveries about the atom,
which led to the splitting of the atom (atomic bombs) and the harnessing of its heat into an energy source (nuclear energy).
9)Russian chemist and inventor Dmitri Mendeleev's contributions to science:
Discovered the periodic table of elements.
10) French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's contributions to science:
proved the law of conservation of mass.
- Developed theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen.
The father of microscopy, Anton Van Leeuwenhoek of Holland (1632-1723), started as an apprentice in a dry goods store where magnifying glasses were used to count the threads in cloth. Anton van Leeuwenhoek was inspired by the glasses used by drapers to inspect the quality of cloth. He taught himself new methods for grinding and polishing tiny lenses of great curvature which gave magnifications up to 270x diameters, the finest known at that time.
These lenses led to the building of Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's microscopes considered the first practical microscopes, and the biological discoveries for which he is famous. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see and describe bacteria (1674), yeast plants, the teeming life in a drop of water, and the circulation of blood corpuscles in capillaries. During a long life he used his lenses to make pioneer studies on an extraordinary variety of things, both living and non-living, and reported his findings in over a hundred letters to the Royal Society of England and the French Academy.
Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics. In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic. In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics. All aspects of Aristotle's philosophy continue to be the object of active academic study today. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues (Cicero described his literary style as "a river of gold"),[2] it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.[3]
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